*중요 Django - views.py에서 가져온 변수로 html에 적용하기

# 첫번째 파일

challenges > views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseNotFound, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.urls import reverse
from django.template.loader import render_to_string

monthly_challenges = {
    'january':'January',
    'february': 'February',
    'march': 'March',
    'april': 'April',
    'may': 'May',
    'june': 'June',
    'july': 'July',
    'august': 'August',
    'september': 'September',
    'october': 'October',
    'november' :'November',
    'december' : 'December'
}
# Create your views here.

def index(request):
    list_items = ''
    months = list(monthly_challenges.keys())

    for month in months:
        
        capitalized_month = month.capitalize()
        
        month_path = reverse('month-challenge', args = [month])
        list_items += f'<li><a href="{month_path}">{capitalized_month}</a></li>'
    
    response_data = f'<ul>{list_items}</ul>'
    return HttpResponse(response_data)


def monthly_challenge_by_number(request, month):    
    months = list(monthly_challenges.keys())

    if month > len(months):
        return HttpResponseNotFound('Invalid month')
    redirect_month = months[month - 1]
    redirect_path = reverse('month-challenge', args = [redirect_month]) # /challenge/january
    return HttpResponseRedirect(redirect_path)

# html에 전하는 return 문구 함수
def monthly_challenge(request, month):
    try:
        challenge_text = monthly_challenges[month]        
        return render(request, 'challenges/challenge.html', {
            'text': challenge_text,
            'month_name': month.capitalize()
        })
    except:
        return HttpResponseNotFound('<h1>This month is not supported</h1>')

---

# 두번째 파일

monthly_challenges > settings.py

 

* INSTALL_APPS 부분에 challenges 앱만 추가해주었다.

"""
Django settings for monthly_challenges project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.1.1.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = "django-insecure-jm7724)a2@d03@@cim@cu!4u6x#f#mpq+(uga%esqgv#mg42j$"

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'challenges',
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.messages",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",
]

ROOT_URLCONF = "monthly_challenges.urls"

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
        "DIRS": [
            # BASE_DIR / 'challenges' / 'templates'
        ],
        "APP_DIRS": True,
        "OPTIONS": {
            "context_processors": [
                "django.template.context_processors.debug",
                "django.template.context_processors.request",
                "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
                "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = "monthly_challenges.wsgi.application"


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    "default": {
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
        "NAME": BASE_DIR / "db.sqlite3",
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator",
    },
    {"NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator",},
    {"NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator",},
    {"NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator",},
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = "en-us"

TIME_ZONE = "UTC"

USE_I18N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = "static/"

# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"

---

# 세번째 파일

challenges > templates > challenges > challenge.html

<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <title>{{ month_name}} Challenge</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        {% comment %} 여기서 말하는 {{}}안에 들어있는 변수는 views.py의 함수로 부터 비롯된다. {% endcomment %}
        <h1>{{ month_name }} Challenge</h1>
        <h2>{{ text }}</h2>
    </body>
</html>